The Warping (Ourdissage)
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Warping (ourdissage) is the operation which consists of preparing the warp threads before assembly on the loom. This preparation is done according to the number of lames and the length of the tapestry to be installed on the loom.
Each lame of warp, or portion of 40 cm of threads, is warped individually. These groups of threads corresponding to the lames are called crenilles.
The length of the crenilles corresponds to that of the tapestry to be made by adding the loss of warp called saut, that is to say approximately 1,20 m (possibly a little more if it is a bar loom – métier à barre – or capstan).
The number of threads contained in each crenille varies depending on the density of the warp, that is to say the number of portées per lame.
The warping (ourdissage) is done from five wooden dowels allowing, on one hand, to establish the length of the crenille, and on the other hand, to make crosses (encroix or enverjures or croisures), markers of threads in preparation for the arrangement on the loom. *
*The cross (encroix) is the crossing of two layers of even and odd threads, between two wooden dowels i.e. sometimes a thread above then a thread below, sometimes six threads above then six threads below each dowel.
The arrangement of these five dowels is done according to two kinds of crosses (encroix) A and B as follows :
A – on one hand two dowels 1 and 2.
B – on the other hand three dowels 3, 4 and 5.
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